1. Introduction
Twenty years ago, when the author returned to Singapore upon graduation to work after graduation, among American mattress sizes names, the author was only known to the mattress size term “Super Single” while still a university student. It was also the author’s first time to know that Europeans spend each night to sleep on a mattress instead of to sleep on the floor of nearly the table height. Around 2000, S’pore Internet’s surfing tool was aware of more india size mattress in singapore available on the market, but today, the author no longer feels that he had been updated. To make the market competitive, mattress shops will label their products with attractive and perfect price labels to attract customers to purchase. So which country’s mattress size label is more perfect? Finally, the author will select the countries neighboring S’pore, India, and Indonesia to carry out our indonesia double mattress in singapore comparative study.
In our little red dot residence context, the mattress is more significant to Southeast Asian consumers with their delicate skin and young demography. Through mattresses, they are able to enjoy “wealth assurance,” “prestigious,” and “pure quality life.” More than that, on average, each individual will spend $1 billion to purchase their indonesia king mattress in singapore in their lifetime, and when adding accessories such as pillows, bed linens, duvets, mattress protectors, the amount will increase. Compared with basic living requirements of food, garments, and other necessary items, purchasing a comfy mattress is more pleasing, and people feel easy when they purchase it, whether from the point of self-power or quality-wise. Our aim for this comparative study is to provide a clear view of what mattress sizes are available in Singapore.
1.1. Background and Significance
Also, mattresses are consumer durables with a very long life. The change or replacement is done at long intervals and inconsistency is a common issue. However, inconsistencies might create matching problems for mattress purchases. The choice of an identical size mattress is another economic reason during the mattress purchase. Consumers might throw away the old mattress and buy a new one. However, the bed size that came along with the house cannot be changed. The purchase of bed size mattresses is common, but conversion from one bed size to another creates inconsistency between the bed size and mattress size; hence, many consumers are not happy with their purchase. Due to inconsistency reasons, consumers cannot buy the designed complimentary furniture items (bed linen, headboards) on the market.
Mattresses are produced on a large scale and therefore, most of them are standard sizes. Standardization has been done according to user needs. However, the choice of mattresses is subjective. Each country has its own preferences for the use of interior spaces. Consequently, each country uses different mattress and bed sizes. Since the aesthetic appearance of the house and user-friendly experience are important in each country, the mattress producers have made measurable adjustments to the available sizes.
This paper aims to compare the currently available mattresses in Singapore to mattresses used in India and Indonesia. The most common sizes – Single, Double, and Queen – have been chosen for this study as they are available for commercial transactions. It is found that Queen size mattresses available in Singapore are different from the mattresses available in India and Indonesia in terms of dimensions and consequently the resulting advantages. Using each country’s uniquely sized mattresses would benefit the consumers. On the other hand, using standard size mattresses could help the mattress manufacturers reduce the production of a variety of sizes.
1.2. Research Objectives
The primary objective of this study, as previously explained, is to identify the presence of distinctive mattress sizes available in Singapore’s bedding market that caters towards the Indian and Indonesian national market segments in Singapore. To achieve this, distinct lists of the existing mattress sizes available in Singapore were identified for the Indian and Indonesian markets. Comparison of the identified sizes was then established with the mattress size measurements specified in the pre-determined international standards. Based on the mattress sizes defined in this standard, the authors evaluated the presence of differences that exist between these standard sizes and the mattresses with respected countries of manufacture. After which, the results of this examination helped the authors establish the sovereignty of any distinctive sizes for the respective individual markets. Ultimately, this study aspires to provide insights on the sort of bed sizes demanded by the Indian and Indonesian national market segments who are based in the Republic of Singapore, hence – as identified – their specific bedding needs and preferences.
2. Methodology
The differences in the data obtained were examined to derive the best conversion method suitable for both the markets. The data show that the application of a wooden frame implicitly converts the actual mattress sizes. But the presence of the wooden frame was not considered. They were interested in knowing the actual size and hence the presence of the wooden frame was overlooked. This study will help the potential customers from non-standard markets who are shifting to Singapore to have a comparison before making a purchase. Their study will allow the potential customers to know how they can modify the mattress purchased from Singapore to suit the actual beds in the East.
In the present study, two markets with distinct mattress sizing systems were chosen – India and Indonesia. In India, there is no single standard for mattress sizes and the manufacturers can make a mattress at any size specified by a customer. This uniqueness deprives an Indian customer from availing the benefits of mass production of mattresses. Currently, there are no standards for mattresses in Indonesia either, and people refer to the sizes as King, Queen, Super Single, and Single. The available mattress sizes in Singapore were collected from IKEA. Thereafter, these IKEA sizes were converted into the equivalent Indian and Indonesian sizes. This conversion was done using two methods – first without taking into account the differences resulting from the position of the bed and existence of the wooden frame holding the mattress; and second, by considering the mattress location and wooden frame, and ignoring the variations due to differences in the European and Far-east growth patterns.
2.1. Data Collection
Wire knives based on data from Singapore and retail shops. Mattress items, SERTA mattresses, and KINNOV mattresses are shown in table 2 for a variety of prices for the same traditional length in Singapore. There are variations in width. Mattress measurements in centimetres were converted to a maximum of four mattresses at a length of six feet for three mattresses. The table records are used consistently. Four items and several mattresses per list have been selected to meet the Indian and Indonesian standard mattress lengths. India and Indonesia information shows no clear consensus restrictions on standard mattress length. The mattress values derive from other sources that are mutually resilient. However, they have raised the requirement. Besides the manufacturing cost, the height requirement, and the emphasis on the bath department, nothing is suggested in the altered Indian standard from the Indian Bureau for norms.
The study blog and photographs function to broaden consumer awareness of an increase in Singapore’s Indian and Indonesian mattress values. Two groups of mattress examples are listed in two blogs published to grab the snapshots of these mattresses. Singapore-based mattress retailers provide two samples. Both group mattresses were chosen to represent these respective markets during the study time. To accommodate the preferences of both regional groups, the previous workplace reviews have published the size of the mattress. The study concludes in accordance with the data. So, these writings express concerns that social media and local retailers may broaden their sales range between these mattresses, causing relative improvements in mattress prices and mattress satisfaction. Future research could concentrate on Indian and Indonesian dwellers to comprehend the relationship between these bedroom experiences and ethnicity.
2.2. Data Analysis
Data from the demand side for the study are collected from potential buyers of the mattress who have the full name and confirmation of their existing mattress size by visiting the internet site of each manufacturer available in Singapore, in Indonesia, and in India. The various legal mattress and fitted sheet products available in Singapore, with full detail descriptions of all characteristics studied for comparison in this paper. Details are provided on company size, product sizes available, and features related to price, assembly, materials used, warranty, print information, and model category. The general approach in the two countries is to collect data in order to undertake a comparative analysis of mattress size product availability. There is no absolute restriction that all product models should have identical sizes except for the double or king sizes common to the two countries.
Description of the existing situations in the study country or countries is an important step before venturing into new business set-up or product rein within the product distribution network. This preliminary study begins with the compilation of retailers’ lists in Central Singapore and another list from Jakarta and Secunderabad in Indonesia and in India. Also, each manufacturer’s product brochure is collected. The product brochure shows the retail mattress size information. Mattress size and measurement comparisons between models are made. The various mattress and associated sheets product sizes are identical to those in Singapore for Secunderabad in Indonesia and in India.
3. Mattress Size Standards
The dimensions in the table are in millimeters, as determined by the American Standard and other standards. On occasion, a person may complain of feelings of restlessness, not being able to sleep well, or not being able to get up in the morning, just because of having the mattress of the wrong size. Mattress sizes vary by culture, and export mattresses of unique sizes developed by region to the target market to gain the upper hand in competition. However, the problem is that they do not have complete foreign exchange information on different mattress sizes, only product prices with widely known US and European sizes of world standards.
There are several standards of mattress sizes. Because of differences in tradition and social regulations, there are several variations in mattress sizes for different markets. Mattress sizes in the USA do not have European standard sizes, and even North American countries have subtle differences in their standard mattress sizes. The USA and Canada have slightly different mattress sizes except for a Queen and a King size. Furthermore, many countries have differences in the dimensions of their industry, resulting in differences in mattress sizes actually used. To examine the common mattress sizes in the target market, we compared the standard size of the country industry and the most common mattress size of the actual market.
3.1. Singapore Standards
The Singapore Productivity and Standards Board Standard SS 267: 1979 specifies requirements for a comfortable and clean sleeping surface, taking into account initial soft feel, conformity to body shape, resilience, and cushioning properties of the mattress. The board proposes nine single mattress sizes to reflect Asian dimensions and standards. It also specifies that the size of a box mattress should be seventy-five millimeters greater all around than the appropriate size of a separate mattress. The Singapore PSB Standard SS 267: 1979 also contains mattress dimensions. The single mattress sizes, all with one hundred and fifty millimeter wide borders that can be folded underneath the frame, are: 1240 x 1900, 1254 x 1900, 1268 x 1900, 1286 x 1900, 1504 x 1900, 1526 x 1900, 1532 x 1900, 1540 x 1900, and 1550 x 1900.
There are two organizations that are recognized by the Singapore government for their work in the S&T field: the Singapore Productivity and Standards Board (PSB) and the Singapore Scientific and Industrial Research Institute (SIRI). The board is responsible for the promotion and maintenance of standards in the fields of science and technology in industry and commerce, and industrial research. The Productivity and Standards Board uses the PSB Standards Mark on licensed products to indicate compliance with specified standards. PSB publishes close to 20,000 local and overseas standards, and each year, develops over 400 new ones.
3.2. Indian Standards
The mattress size that is widely available here is consistent with the normal size produced here. Based on almost five months’ visit to various stores in Singapore, here are the measurements and other descriptions of each size of mattress available, which we assume to be made in India: – Single 91 cm x 190.5 cm – Super single 107 cm x 190.5 cm – Queen 152.5 cm x 190.5 cm – King 183 cm x 190.5 cm
Indian mattresses are known throughout the world for being hard and firm. The main reason behind this is that traditionally, people in India sit and sleep on the floor more compared to other countries, and the floor is hard. In order to provide non-floor comfort, hardness, and firmness in the beds, mattresses are manufactured to be high on both aspects. Mattresses can be made hard to lie on top, implying either a high stiffness or a moderate droop. The firmness can be obtained by other means such as high resistive forces or the matrix containing foam materials. The electrical analogy parallel can model the combination of factors all into one load distribution map. Scissors or stamped systems on the foam inner layer can also supply resistance.
3.3. Indonesian Standards
In the case of mattresses made from a spring unit, each size has material weight per square meter and load deflection requirements that can be selected from SNI No. 3050.4: 2013 and SNI 3050.1: 2011, which are graded based on materials and construction of the bed. All of these sizes are in the category of beds specifically designed for the needs and accepted sizes for hotels. The furniture fair guide, which is available as the Indonesian furniture map, is a combination of exhibition and code of practice for the production of hotel furniture. It shows that only the five categories of bed sizes exist, whereas the two categories for the other users, Amerai and California, are not mentioned at the time of the industry database editorial review date. Only trade shows with mattress categories will determine how well recognized such bed sizes are in the domestic furniture and furnishings markets.
In Indonesian standards, mattresses are categorized as household products. The standard has four categories of mattress sizes based on length and width. These five categories are the following: 90 cm width x 200 cm length; 100 cm width x 200 cm length; 120 cm width x 200 cm length; 160 cm width x 200 cm length; 180 cm width x 200 cm length. These categories include the smallest, 90 cm x 200 cm mattress and the largest, 180 cm x 200 cm mattress. All sizes except the largest size have a 200 cm length while the largest mattress size has width in the range of four dimensions starting from 90 cm and ending at 180 cm. There are no clear guidelines in both standards for the production of bed linen for larger mattress sizes. The definition of these sizes is not clear, however, such terms are used in the standard. With the increase in ASEAN trade and tourism, there is a clear trend towards standardization. But as of the time of review, discussions are ongoing between BSN and SNI about the harmonization of the bed sizes.
4. Market Availability
Indonesia and India offer a broad range of ethnic groups across its borders, giving businessmen and residents alike the opportunity to be aware and take interest in seeing this need for varied mattress sizes to be catered to where. Indians would take an interest in having a bed size that is comparable working or personal requirements. Indonesians would take notice of the developments of allowing other market size in terms of bedding accommodations would increase tourism or working options. All interested parties collectively note the summary of these lists to know the mattress sizes available in each market and would then further continue to research items required to further delve into what factors can lead to determine if these sizes are market-driven rather than historical factors of producing bed sizes that are quite different from the rest of the continent.
Leading manufacturers and retailers in the world offers products that cater to the bed and bedding needs of varied markets across it. One would expect that there are standard measurements that these vary varied bed and bedding products manufactures and retailed have to follow to make sure that would fit not only the size of spaces markets have across the world but also specifications of desired bed and bedding products. In this present day and age, the ease of travel is making the acquisition and use of products of varying market availabilities a mainstream affair for the individual, be it for unique experiences or as desired venues for business entrance. This is further heightened by the global reach that all brands have because of e-commerce.
4.1. India Size Mattresses in Singapore
When, and on how long of a special promotion is sometimes answerable during shop visits but may vary from year to year. Currently Man Wah Foam based in Singapore provides such mattresses. Upon more modern and comfortable request from Indian foreign workers, cotton, or cotton with coir or cotton with rubberized coir were the materials that the Indian workers been offered and request to try before purchase. In this case, the spring beat-up construction, due to its special construction will not be popular if a non-spring beat-up structure is tried. Repertoire of 2nd world country consumers simply due to special pricing strategies as India mattresses are positioned for a notch of foreign workers. Prices of India range is low cost to mid-range. Stores may offer different brands from time to time. India sized mattresses are often of symmetrical quilting to squeak in flat quilted mattresses.
The current section comprises of mattress sizes which are not locally available in Singapore but may fulfill specific regional requirements. According to our communication with shops in Little Indian area in Singapore, India size mattresses are quite common in that area mainly because there is a demand from the Indian foreign workers who are called ‘foreign workers’. The likelihood of finding mattresses of India size in Singapore bed and mattress section in the shops or searching at Johor furniture shops is low. In traditional mattress manufacturing, coir, cotton and rubberized coir or a combination of all three materials are used to fill mattresses. Due to this unique core, compared to the common locally made Spring Mattress, customers considered India sized mattress eco-friendlier. Furthermore, given the dominance of the Asian Indian, such unique mattress fills a niche market. A popularity survey across several major departmental stores have revealed that this range of mattresses usually does not form the modeled group of mattresses on display. However, most of these stores will have fewer of such mattresses on display at certain periods.
4.2. Indonesia Double Mattresses in Singapore
Indonesians prefer rather gentle mattresses. The average rigidity level is dressed in a 4-point scale. As in the classic single size mattress, here people will look for removable mattresses. Indonesians are looking for not stock products, but individuality. Indonesians know how to relax and have a good time. Consequently, despite the modest means, 60% are ready for new acquisitions. To create a mattress for them, it is necessary to maintain the basic technical requirements of products for this group of users and emphasize consumer properties that emphasize relaxation, pleasant use of its products. It is definitely worth considering the option of creating a removable cover for the mattress or making its components changeable. Indonesians prefer rather gentle mattresses. The average rigidity level is dressed in a 4-point scale.
Indonesia is actively represented in Singapore and its market, in particular, in terms of goods and services. Places of recreation, both for the population groups, also predominate. In the Singaporean market, the segment of double mattresses just fully shows the buying power of Indonesians. The Indonesian mattress is in 4th place, together with the Indian mattress. Representatives of other nationalities are indifferent to this size of the mattress. Representatives of this nationality also try to maximize functionality and assign additional features to this non-standard size.
4.3. Indonesia King Mattresses in Singapore
The 180 x 200 cm mattresses identified above are also marketed as UK sale king-size beds. Despite being vaguely called king-sized, not all king-sized bed frames can fit the 180 x 200 cm Indonesia king-size mattresses. Specifications from four of the retailers including Best Online Mattress – Hennsley, acknowledged the difference in sizes of the Indonesia King Mattress and the other King Sized mattresses. The recommended bed frame for the Indonesia king mattress was given as 183 x 198 cm. The mattresses were not very popular in the stores reviewed but represent a niche in need of fulfilling.
Indonesia king mattresses were not popular in the stores reviewed. Only 3 of the retailers had mattresses close to 185 x 200 cm. The mattresses were not retailed in the regular store showcasing the mattresses. This size was located in a different section of the store. Similarly, the Indonesia King Size Mattress was located at the back of one of the stores.
5. Comparative Analysis
While there are many mattress sizes, the Queen size is the most popular in Singapore and India, while the King size is the most popular in Indonesia. This section gives information on the prices and cost per square centimetre of the best mattresses of 6 different brands in King and Queen sizes available in Singapore which are suitable for Indian and Indonesian customers. By Country Data In this section, we present some key statistics of the matter of interest. This is presented in Table 8. By Brand Data In Section 5, we present the data that we use in our main empirical analysis exercise. Although we have 6 different brands (Kingkoil, Simmons, Sealy, etc.), only four of them have the equal sizes (188x152cm). The other two (Maxcoil, Snooze) have distinct sizes (190x183cm). Since a square of the tenth size would have the same area as the other four, we analyze the prices of the rectangular Queen and King sizes of the brands, as described in Section 2. In particular, the Queen size in the Maxcoil case will not have the same area as the other four brands, so this can change the price of square incident with it. Regardless of the exceptional characteristic of Maxcoil and Snooze, we still show the prices in this scenario, to see if we can observe correlated differences between sizes and prices in Singapore’s mattress industry. The data is given in Table 9.
5.1. Price Comparison
Table 13 tabulates the available prices for Indian Standard, Indonesian Standard, and Singapore mattress sizes. The prices collected for each standard mattress within India, Indonesia, and Singapore generally belong to different brands. The comparison is simply carried out to identify the price differences in standardizing the purchasing price for some desired or specific mattress or bed frame sizes within the mentioned Asian countries. As a result, some Indian, Indonesian, or Singaporean people could benefit from the sales promotions offered by different brands in Singapore. The Singapore mattress market provides an additional option for mattress size selection compared to the retail stores within Surabaya, Jakarta, and Delhi.
Cross-country price comparison of similar mattress sizes
Table 12 compares the prices of 29 mattress sets for six mattress sizes available in the Singapore market. The table shows that Super Single has a lower average price compared to Queen and King. The price differences between each brand within the individual mattress sizes are not significant. Further investigation is needed to determine the availability of the mattress sizes in the Singapore market in the current year and to compare prices over time. By examining the sales promotions across numerous mattress brands for various mattress sizes, consumers could take advantage of the strategy to maximize the benefits when purchasing a mattress set.
Price comparison within Singapore mattress sizes
5.2. Size Variations
Table 13 shows the sizes of mattresses available in Singapore and provides a comparison to the corresponding sizes in India and Indonesia. From the table, potential mattress sizes for the borderless mattress concept, which is to scale single and double mattress sizes across these countries, could be the Indian queen mattress size and the Indonesian king mattress size. The Indian queen mattress size is equivalent to the dimensions of the king mattress in Singapore, whereas the Indonesian king mattress size is not available in Singapore. The Indonesian king mattress and Indian queen mattress sizes have equivalent dimensions.
The plots in Figure 11 illustrate the ratio of mattress length to width for a particular size in Singapore compared to the length to width ratio between queen and king mattresses to their corresponding mattress sizes for India and Indonesia respectively. The ratio for queen and king mattresses in Singapore equates to that of queen and king Indian mattresses. Similarly, the ratio for the queen and king mattresses in Singapore is identical to that of queen and king Indonesian mattresses. Contrarily, the ratio of the queen and king Indian mattress sizes is disproportionate to that of the queen and king sizes in Indonesia. This shows the size variation between these countries.
5.3. Quality Comparison
A comparison of measurement length, width and quality measures. Using only price information will not provide buyers with the level of details required to make an informed decision. During the research for this study, a number of requests were made for the relative compressive strength of mattresses. This was particularly so in households where children share a bed, the weight of the adult and child, especially if the child is male, and by inference, expects the comfort of a mattress similar to that felt in Indonesia.
Comparing the relative availability of Indian and Indonesian mattress sizes in Singapore, it is evident that providers offer all seven Indian mattress sizes. In contrast, only the Single and Super Single Indonesian mattress sizes are available. Notably, the Indonesian Double does not have a marketed mattress size. This variation in availability may be reflective of the greater number of international students from Indonesia. But at the same time, this is an interesting trend in the availability of “local” mattress sizes in Singapore. Properties intending to attract families through outreach to foreign worker households in their vicinity may find the ability to offer the right type of bed an unexpected but necessary drawcard.
